In Southeast Asia, porous borders are closely associated with transnational security challenges, including environmental degradation, irregular migration, smuggling and human trafficking of women and children. Against a rapidly changing environment, the concept of security has evolved further encompassing not only traditional human security challenges but also unseen threats. One such ‘novel’ threat comes from lethal biological diseases, pathogens, toxins, and weapons, also commonly referred to as biosecurity threats.

Mapping whether and how biosecurity aspects of gene synthesis are regulated in Asia.